Pile wire



May 29, 1928. r 1,671,270 M. B. BEHRMAN FILE WIRE Filed Feb. 4, 1925 INVENTOR MAM rs, @W

hwml 1M ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT'OFFICE.

MARCUS TB. IBEHBMAN,

TION,

OF BROOKLYN,

FILE OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE LOX SEAL CORPORA- NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

WIRE.

Application filed February 4, 1925. Serial No. 6,687.

My present invention relates .generally to apile wire and .manner whereby associated therew The frequency more particularly to the a blade can be removably ith.

of the cutting operations necessitates the resharpcning or replacement of the cutting edges at short intervals.

Wherel have attempted to meet this situation by making the ile wire, I

num er of problems,

which arrives bee the cutters separable from have been presented with a among which is that ause of the fachthat (first) looms of this type are already provided with pile Wires at considerable expense and their replacement is not feasible from the practical standpoint and (secondl of associating the blade the manner wit the pile wire must be of such a character that it will hold the blade against movement with reference to the pi le wire during the cutting operation and yet will permit of its rapid and easy removal.

Among the important objects of my invention is the provision of a holder for a cutter or blade which is of such a character thatthe holder can be formed as a separable unit for attachment to a pile wire and can ,be associated with the conventional form of pile wire without requirin of the pile wires or reconstruction on said holder of associating a cutt a manner as to permit of easy and quick a replacement or any su stantial change therein, and the provision an arrangement for fixedly ing blade therewith in such removal and replacement.

ll have found blade holder aswire carries with from the fact th however that making the an attachment to the pile it the difliculties that arise at the point at which the blade holder is attached to the pile wire is. subject to bending and turning stresses, to

which the pile w ire as a whole is subjected in the general operation of the loom.

For purposes 0 found that a terial and bent interme it a substantial U shape, the U spaced so as to within, possesses other hand, such f holding the blade, I have holder formed of sheet ma diate its ends to give with the walls of receive a blade thereadvantages. On the many haped holder always presents the possibility that when it is subiect to turnmg will be a tenden to sprpeii 21 91 bending stresses, there eye for the wal1s of the U come misshapen.

Another object of my invention, there- 56 fore, is the provision of an arrangement whereby a U-shaped holder ,of this type can be so secured to a pile wire so that not only is the point of attachment no weaker than any other portion of the pile wire, but that by such manner of attachment the tendency oi. the walls to spread will, to some extent, be overcome.

Hie wires used with different types of looms and in different mills diiier as to heights and blade holders intended to serve as attachments thereto must necessarily be made to conform thereto. The variation in the height of the holder will necessarily result in a variation in the depth of the blade holding channel in the holder, particularly where the U-shaped holder of the character referred to is employed. Therefore, where the blades are to be received seated on the bottom of the channel, there will be required a blade of diflerent dimensions for each differently dimensioned holder,: as otherwise the blades will project to difierent extents above the top of the holder and above the top of the pile wires.

A still further object of my invention is the provision of an arrangement whereby a blade of standardized dimensions and particularly of standardized height can be associated with holders or pile wires of difiterent heights, with the cutting edge of the blade in the same predetermined position with reference to the top of the holder or pile wire. a

My invention further involves the manner of treatment of pile wires or blade holding attachments thereto, which have channels therein for the reception of a blade, whereby a seat for a blade is produced which is at a predetermined distance from the top of the wire or holder, and also makes the wire [or holder produced thereby.

less of the height thereof as aforemenabutment wall.

My invention furthermore generally in-- volves the provision of a new, simple and effective blade holding attachment for a pile wire and of ablade to be carried thereby which will give a maximum of efliciency.

For the attainment of these objectsand such other objects as may hereinafter appear or be pointed out, I have illustrated one embodiment of my invention in the drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 shows in side elevation a blade secured to the holder attachment for a pile wire of a character fitted therefor;

Fig. 2 shows'the blade removed from its holder and Fig. showsmy arrangement whereby this blade can be standardized so as to be received in a holder for a pile wire which is of greater height than that shown in, Fig. 1

Fig. 4 is a vertical sect'on taken on line 44 of Fig. 3.

Upon viewing Fig. 1 of the drawing, it will be observed that I here em loy a blade holder 10 which is in the form of a thin strip of sheet material bent so as to provide a channeled construction which is preferably, though not necessarily, U-shaped in crosssection, the channel 11 being defined by the walls 12 and 13 upstanding from the bottom 14. Extending forwardly from the wall 12 is the enlarged spoon-like member 15, preferably curved at its outer end, for purposes well unde stood to those skilled in the art.

The ch nnel 11 is provided in any preferred or desired manner with the inclined end abutment wall 18, the illustrated embodiment showing this wall as formed by forcing together the walls 12 and 13 alon a line which is inclined as shown in the rawin and which is to form an overhanging wal for the front end of the blade.

The spoon-like member 15 is provided with a punched up projection or finger 19, cut away along three sides, 20, 21 and 22 and positioned angularly part way across the channel 11. It will be observed that in this illustrated embodiment that the finger is formed by a lower out to form the wall 21, by a much shallower cut to form the shorter side 20, and by a cut 22 connecting the two, and thatthe free end of the finger 19 is deflected into the path ,of the knife sufliciently to permit the end wall formed by the cut 22- to forman abutment for the butt end wall of the blade asshown in Fig; 1.

Upon viewing Fig.1 of t e, drawing, it will be observed that the knife or'cutter 23 which I employ is preferably of the flexible 'wafer type, the cutting edge 26 of which inclines upwardly with reference to the bot tom edge 27 a and at an angle approaching that of the end wall 18 in the channel 11, and

that the butt end of the blade-is provided with the cutout 29, the position and dimensions of which are preferably determined by the character and dimensions of the mem-,j .1";

ber 19 to serve the purposes"intended,-'thef the finger-i28 upon' cutout 29 thus providing the butt end of the cutter. a a H In the insertion of this type of blade in the holder, the front or pointed end of theblade is first worked at an angle into. the channel 11 to bring the front or pointed end of the blade into position beneath the inclined end wall 16 of the channel and theblade is then moved angularly downwardly, so as to cause the butt end to move over the faceinclines from its free end to the inner surface of the spoon 15 into which it merges.

of the parts are such that as the blade reaches its final predetermined position in the holder with the front or pointed end of the blade beneath the wall 18 and with the lower edge 27 of the blade seated on the bottom of the channel 11', that the end wall 30 of the cutout 29 will be positioned with the wall 30 immediately adjacentand to the front of the end 22 of the finger 19.

By making the out which forms the wall 20 of the finger 19 materially shorter than the out which forms the lower wall 21 I provide an arrangement whereby the blade can be inserted more readily, due to the inclination given to the finger which not only inclines longitudinally of the'blade, but also downwardly furthermore the lower wall of the cut out 29 in the blade forms a stop for the blade to prevent a reverse movement thereof,- because of the engagement of such wall with the wall 21 of the holder.

Upon viewing Fig. 1, it will be observed that with the lower edge 25' of the blade seated on the bottom 14 of the channel 11, the cutting edge 25 will have its desired predetermined position above the channel, so as to effectively cut the strands being woven,

sioned so asto serve effectively with the di-fferent'hei hts and sizes of plle wires. For example, show in Fig. 3 a, holder which is no f 80 inclined surface of the finger 19, which sur I to be attached to a pile wire which is higher than that of the pile wire of Fig. 1, and in which the blade of Fig. 2 could not be used,

' because no substantial part of the edge theretill of would be exposed sufficiently to serve eftectively for cutting purposes, and in this Fig. 3, I show my method by which this holder can be so treated as to cause it to serve efiectively without requiring any change in the size of the blades, and in this way, I am permitted to standardize on the blade regardless of the character of pile wire with which it is to be associated.

The blade holder Fig. 3 is in all respects like that of Fig. 1, except that the height thereof is very much greater, and in order that it may receive the blade of Fig. 2 without interfering with its efiective operation, the abutment 14: is provided upon which the blade seats, and beyond which it cannot be forced, and this abutment seat 14 is at the same linear distance throughout all its points from the top of the walls which form the channel therein as is the bottom 14: in Fig. 1, so that the blade 25 received in said channel 11 and seated on the seat 14 is positioned with reference to the holder embodiment of Fig.3 exactly as is this blade in Fig. i. This abutment seat I form preferably by crimping together the lower ends of the walls 12' and 13', as clearly shown in Fig. 4 and as this crimping can extend for any distance above the bottom, it is obvious that by standardizing on a blade which is operated effectively when seated on the bottom of a holder to be attached to the narrowest pile wire as in Fig; 1, that provision can be made for any pile wire whichis of greater height by crimping together the lower ends of the walls to a greater or less extent, depending upon the extent to which the pile wire which is to.be accommodated, exceeds the narrowest pile. wire suchas that shown in Fig. l.

In this manner, it will be clear that While the holder will have to be dimensioned so as to fit the particular size pile wire to which it is to be attached, that this will not be the case with the blade, and that therefore the same blade can be employed with all sizes of pile wires. I

l have found that by employin a U- shaped helder 10, as set forth, I o tain a very efieient blade. holding means which is economical to manufacture and permits of the ready insertion and removal of the blade. I have found, however, that a U-sha ed holder of this character, when attache to the pile wire 9. which is generally in the form of a solid bar, resents difliculties'aris ing from the fact t at in the operation of the loom the pile wires are sub'ect to, stresses and strains and twisting an bend: ing forces, with the tendency always present not only to cause the walls 11 and 12 of the pile wire to spread and become misshapen, but these forces are also applied to thepoint at which the holder 10 is affixed to the pile wire 9, with the consequent liability of breakage at this point.

I have found that by ailixing the holder 10 to the pile wire 9 by a welding operation, in the manner to be pointed out, I not only secure an attachment which is no weaker than if the holder 10 were made integral with the pile wire 9, but in addition brace the walls 11 and 12 of the holder against spreading and also against permanent distortion.

In my preferred practice, I first pinch to gether the inner ends of these two adjacent walls 12 and 13 of the member 10, as shown in Fig. 4, and then weld these ends directly to the adjacent end of the pile wire 9. For this welding operation it preferably employ the jump gap method in which an alternating current of high amperage is passed through both the holder 10 and the pile wire 9, with the two spaced a predetermined distance. In this manner only between the holder and the pile wire, but a weld will also be effected between the portions of the walls 12 and 13 of the holder which are pinched together, partcularly where the walls of the holder 10 are thinner than the pile wire 9, as in the illustrated embodiment, as the adjacent end of the holder 10 will heat up to a greater extent and the flow of the metal will occur mainly at the said adjacent end of the holder. In this manner ll obtain an attachment between the channeled holder 10 and the pile wire 9 which not only is no weaker than if the holder 10 had been a solid bar, but in addition strengthens the end of the holder.

It will be understood of course that a welding operation of this character results in an extrusion of metal and this extrusion is ground oil so asto give the pile wire and the holder attached thereto a thickness at the point of attachment which is the same as that of the pile wire.

The wire which I employ is preferably of spring steel and in the welding operation that portion of both the holder and the pile wire which is adjacent the point of weld is tempered so highly as to become brittle, and in order to restore the temper of these parts, it is ire-annealed so that the desired spring character of this portion of the wire is restored and the temper thereof made the same as that of the original pile wire. This increased temper to glass hardness is due to the rapid cooling of the heated metal in the open air and also the small mass of metal and re-annealing restores themalleability of the metal to its original condition.

Upon viewing Figures 1 and 3 of the drawing, it will be observed that the walls 12 and 18' are pinched together so as to I obtain a weld not provide not only the contacting ends for the purposes of the weld, but also the inclined overhanging wall 18. When, therefore, the holder, treated'as described and as shown in Fig. 1, is welded to the pile wire 9 in a manner already described, the welding operation will not only fixedly associate the holder 10 1 with the pile wire 9, but it will also wel toget-her the pinched together portions of the walls 12 and '13 and at the same time pro duce the overhanging wall 18 beneath which the knife is to be received, as shown in Fig. 1. In this way, I not only simultaneously produce the weld and the overhanging walls with increased eifectiveness, but due to such construction also shorten the holder itself and bring the knife immediately adjacent to the weld, so that the leverage of the turning forces applied to the free end of the holder is not only reduced but the force is a plied so close to the weld that the tendency 0 these twisting forces to disrupt the weld is re duced to a minimum. a

By my invention I thus not only attain a blade of maximum effectiveness but also the standardization of the blade. In addition, I attain a holder which can be made separate and apart from the pile wire and which can be made to serve as an attachment to any conventional type of pile wire already in use, but which holder can be constructed so as to serve its purpose for holding a blade without considering the character of the pile wire to which it is to be attached.

While I have disclosed in this application an embodiment of my invention in which the.

seat to raise the blade is formed by crimping the holder, it will be understood that this is merelyillustrative and that the invention resides broadly in the provision of an abutment of such a character that it may be associated with or formed in the holder at any time so that there is provided a raised seat for the blade at any desired or predetermined point above the bottom of the holder or channel therein.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its usegwhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- 1. A pile wire cutter comprising a pile wire and a U-shaped holder attached thereto, the walls of the holder adjacent the bottom of the channel in the holder being pinched togather so as to provide a bottom for the channel positioned at a predetermined point above the lower end of the holder.

2. A pile wire cutter comprising a pile wire and a U-shaped holder welded thereto, the walls of the holder adjacent the point of weld being pinched together so as to provide 1 an overhanging wall in the channel intermediate the endsthereof and beneath which a) formed in the the wall above the bottom blade is adapted to be received, and adjacent the .bottom of the holder being pinched together so mentary seat.

3. A pile wire cutter comprising a pile wireand a channeled blade holder associated as to provide a suppletherewith, one of the walls of the channel being forced inwardly so as to provide a seat for the blade positioned at a predetermined point above the bottom of the chanblade with the holder with its cutting edge exposed to the same extent regardless of the depth of the channel, said means comprising a blade seat forming the bottom of the channel and positioned predeterminedly above the bottom of the holder thereof.

5. A blade holder adapted to .be associated with or to form part of a pile wire, said holder having a channel to receive a blade and means for associating a standard blade with the holder with its cutting edge exposed to the same extent regardless of the depth of the channel, said means .ing a blade seat forming the bottom of the channel and positioned predeterminedly abovethe bottom of the holder and an overhanging abutment wall in the channel becomprisneath which one end of the blade is adapted to be received.

with or to form part of a pile wire, said holder having a channel to receive a blade and means for associating astandardblade with the holder with its cutting edge exposed to the same extent regardless of the depth of the channel, said means comprising abutment portions formed in the channel,

one of, said abutment portions forming a seat for the blade predeterminedl positioned above the bottom of the holder, and the other abutment member forming an 6. A blade holder-adapted to be associated I00 overhan ing wall beneath which one end of i the blade is received.

7. A blade holder adapted to be associated with its cutting edge exposed-to the same 4 extent regardless of the depth of the chan-' nel, said means comprising a blade seat channel predeterminedly of the holder.

8. The process of forming a blade holding part of a pile wire, said process including the steps of forming a channeled holder for the blade and then forming in the channel an overhanging abutment beneath which the rear end of the blade can be received and held by forcing the material of the side wall inwardly into the channel.

9. In a device of the character described, in combination, a blade having an inclined cutting edge and narrowing toward one end, the upper portion of: the wider rear part of the blade being removed to provide a finger extending rearwardly from the bottom of such wider rear part, a blade holder adapted to be associated with or form part of the pile wire, said holder having a channel to receive said blade and a spoon portion extending beyond the channel, and means for associating the blade with the holder, said means comprising an overhanging portion in the channel beneath which the narrower end of the blade is received, and a member formed from and projecting integrally from the spoon portion and so di mensioned and positioned that when the blade is in the channel with the narrower portion received beneath the overhanging portion therein, said member will be received in the space left by the removal of the upper portion of the widened rear part and the aforementioned finger will be positioned beneath said member.

In witness whereof, I have signed this specification.

MARCUS B.- BEHRM AN. 

